Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.
Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This
tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America,
Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a
small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa
beans.
The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun
and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting
the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different
qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a
distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the
meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The
blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate
liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans
are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground
nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.
1.The third paragraph focuses on …
A. the process of producing chocolate
B. how to produce the cocoa flavour
C. where chocolate comes from
D. the chocolate liquor
E. the cacao fruit
ANS: A
Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of
materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious
metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled.
The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new
products.
In general, using recycled materials to make new products
costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can
also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution
alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing
process.
Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard
containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper
product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and
searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper
goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into
pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is
screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a
large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the
surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler
fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper
again.
Experts estimate the average office worker generates about
5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about
1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17
pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).
2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?
A. It costs much money for the process of recycling
B. It costs less to make new products
C. It requires less energy
D. It can reduce pollution
E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives
ANS : E
The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We
taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue.
There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and
bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.
The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand
taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which
send the so-called ‘tastes messages.
When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind,
the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the
brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few
seconds.
There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is
sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in
different parts of the tongue.
The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round
the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at
the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the
innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.
The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good
smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food
appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is
dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all.
Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds
insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will
have no tastes at all.
3. The senses of smell and sight ……..
A. increase the taste of the food
B. affect the taste of the food
C. make food more delicious
D. make the food look good
E. make the food attractive
ANS : B
Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food
is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the
food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the
blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The
food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with
saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive
juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food
passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by
the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small
intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing,
mixing and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon
absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls)
and passed into the bloodstream.
4. What is the text about?
A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances
ANS : A
Snow
The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall
you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your
brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, through?
Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they
can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very
cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of
dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflake
is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.
5. What does the writer think about snowfall?
a. Exciting
b. Sad
c. Frightening
d. Dejecting
e. Ugly
ANS : A
Komentar
Posting Komentar